ZOGLAB Man-made Cloud Chamber System

随着人类经济规模的迅速扩大和人类活动的日益频繁。如何避免或者减轻气象灾害，合理利用气候资源，在适当条件下通过科技手段对局部大气的物理、化学过程进行人工干预，实现增雨雪、防雹、消雨、消雾、防霜等作业对国家的经济建设，人民的生活娱乐显得日益重要。

With the rapid expansion of the human economy scale and the greatly increased human activities, how to avoid or mitigate meteorological disasters and rationally use climate resources, and conducting human intervention for the physical and chemical process of local atmosphere through technological means, under appropriate conditions, to achieve the target of rain and snow increase, anti-hail, rain elimination, fog elimination, anti-frost, which is becoming increasingly important for the country's economic construction, people's life and entertainment.

而人工影响天气主要的实施对象为大气中的云雾，通过对云雾的形成原因分析，我们可以控制温度，湿度和气压这些物理量的变化，在试验室内人工制造出云雾从而达到测试新型催化剂，验证人工干预天气的效果。

However, the main object influencing the weather is the cloud in the atmosphere. We could control the physical changes of temperature, humidity and pressure, etc., by the analysis of cloud formation factors, to simulate clouds in the test chamber in order to examine a new catalyst and verify the effect of the weather modification.

降温是达到饱和形成雾滴的即重要又主要的物理过程，云雾的出现则是饱和气团在低温下的具化现象。因此佐格人造云室的主要依据即是通过将饱和气团进行绝热膨胀adiabatic expansion来降低气团的气压从而引起温度下降，当气团温度冷却到露点以下时就会有一定量的水汽凝结形成过冷水从而产生人造云雾。

Cooling is the main and important physical process for the droplet formation after reaching saturation, and the cloud formation is just the phenomenon when saturated air mass under low temperature. Therefore, the main basis for ZOGLAB Man-made Cloud Chamber is to reduce the air mass pressure by adiabatic expansion of the saturated air mass to cause the temperature to drop. When the air mass temperature is cooled below the dew point, there will be a certain amount of water vapor condensed to form the supercooled water to simulate the clouds.

这个过程和自然界的地形云的形成过程一致。主要的实验仓如下图所示：

This process is consistent with the formation of the orographic cloud. The main test chamber is shown as below.

佐格人造云室系统的构造分为一个预真空罐和绝热膨胀实验仓两个部分，外围辅助设备有真空抽气泵，温控系统以及主控制台。系统的拓扑图如下：

ZOGLAB Man-made Cloud Chamber System consists of two parts, pre-vacuum tank and adiabatic expansion test chamber, and auxiliary equipment includes vacuum pump, temperature control system and the main console. The topology of the system is as bellow:

佐格人造云室系统造云及实验的过程分成三个阶段。首先为：准备阶段。通过设置在特氟龙内壁上的数十个精准温度探头检测整个绝热膨胀实验仓的温度，并结合湿度压力等综合评估实验仓内状态控制制冷机组，水汽导入，压力调节等设施的输出，系统针对分层布置的多个制冷剂调节阀相互独立的精细调节绝热膨胀实验仓各层温度。直到仓内整体的温度、湿度、压力以及均匀度达到设定的要求。于此同时抽取数倍于实验仓容积的预真空罐使其达到一个实验预定的压力。并在此时将需要投入的催化剂按照顺序放置到自动催化剂投入口并密封。

When the preparation of the experiment is completed, you can enter the second phase: cloud simulation. Open the connection valve between the pre-vacuum tank and adiabatic expansion test chamber according to the default chamber expansion rate and flow rate formula, and adjust the opening size via the flow control valve. Since the vacuum adiabatic design used for the test chamber, it makes the heat exchange between the internal air and the outside to reach almost zero, so the conditions of adiabatic expansion are artificially created, and the pressure decrease of the adiabatic air mass causes the temperature to drop until the supercooled water droplets separated from the dew point. Then the test chamber will be full of clouds with diameter range of 2-10um.

最后阶段即为： 实验阶段。 根据需求和设定好的时间间隔，云室系统控制投放装置依照顺序的投放相应实验物质，并在此时开启设置在实验仓上部和下部的两台高速摄像机以记录整个催化剂的反应微观效果，并通过旁路抽取装置抽取仓内物质进行粒径谱分析等工作。实验仓中部的能见度分析仪在整个实验过程中记录云雾的宏观效果。佐格人造云室系统通过通信链路将所有的实验数据记录存档以供研究人员分析。

The final phase: experiment. According to the requirement and preset time interval, Cloud Chamber System will control the feeding device to feed relevant testing materials in order, and at the same time, to switch on the two high-speed cameras fixed on the top and bottom of chamber to record the entire Micro effect of the catalysts, and conduct particle size analysis for the catalysts taken from the chamber by the bypass device. ZOGLAB Human-made Cloud Chamber system archives all the experimental data records for analysis by the researchers via the communication link.

整个实验仓的设计和应用在人工影响天气的研究中带来了正面的积极影响。尤其在人工增雨、防雹等研究中为催化剂的选取和投放效果的预估做出模拟的数据积累，并通过比对实际作业效果可进一步优化实验过程。

The design and application of the test chamber has brought a positive impact in the study of weather modification. Especially it could accumulate the simulation records for the catalyst selection and assessment of feeding effect for the study of artificial rainfall and anti-hail, and can further optimize the experimental process by comparing the actual operating results.

催化剂入口 Catalyst inlet

上部高速摄像口 Top high-speed camera port

高速摄像 High-speed camera

粒子谱测试孔 Particle size testing port

底部高速摄像口 Bottom high-speed camera port

绝热膨胀实验舱 Adiabatic expansion test chamber

不锈钢内桶 Stainless steel inner wall

内表面镀特氟龙 The inner surface is plated with Teflon

低温密封LED灯带 Low temperature sealed LED light belt

水汽导入接口DN50 Water vapor entrance port DN50

不锈钢外桶 Stainless steel outer wall

冷却管 Cooling tube

能见度设备 Visibility equipment

温控制冷剂出入口 Temperature control refrigerant entrances and exits

绝压表监测 Absolute pressure gauge monitoring

真空绝热层 Vacuum adiabatic layer

真空绝热层抽真空 vacuumize the vacuum adiabatic layer

预真空罐 Pre-vacuum tank

数据显示 Data display

主控制台 Main console

交换机 Switch

采集工作状态 Collection working status

真空抽气泵 Vacuum pump

球阀控制 Ball valve control

温度压力湿度 Temperature, humidity and pressure

预真空罐 Pre-vacuum tank

温度检测 Temperature detection

压力检测 Pressure detection

露点检测 Dew point detection

投料检测 Feeding detection

能见度检测 Visibility detection

粒子谱检测 Particle size detection

高速摄像 High-speed camera

气溶胶检测 Aerosol detection

绝热膨胀实验舱 Adiabatic expansion test chamber

制冷效率 Cooling efficiency

多路控制 Multiple channel control

制冷机组 Cooling system

不间断电源 Uninterruptible power supply

试验室监控 Chamber monitoring

供电及保障设施 Power supply and security facilities

监控及安全 Monitoring and safety